THE ORIGINAL CORE BASES for this book are:

THE CONTOURS OF AMERICAN HISTORY by William Appleman Williams

and

A PEOPLE’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES by Howard Zinn.

Other key influencers are listed at the end of this section. 

What follows is a partial listing of sources and resources for THE PEOPLE’S SPIRAL OF US HISTORY.  It is a work in progress.   Kirk Bampton contributed mightily to this section, as did Myla Reson and Steve Caruso.  Your further comments, critiques & suggestions are welcome through solartopia.org.  

Our Indigenous DNA

But the peacemaker … stutterer: Quenza.

https://www.manataka.org/page1639.html

Our corporate mythology has very studiously overlooked the role of the Indigenous in shaping our national reality.  The Haudenosaunee Confederacy was a far purer democracy than the Athenian, which excluded women and slaves.  Most of the Founders took their cues from the Greeks.  But Franklin understood the depth and sophistication of the Confederacy.  As the central intellectual and spiritual force behind our national union, he wasn’t kidding when he said it ran better than the British Parliament…and he was right!  It was certainly much more of a democracy (social, cultural, spiritual, ecologically and otherwise) than the United States that rolled over it.  If you can think of a more advanced social democracy in human history, please send me your nomination. 

The national denial is of course rooted in race, but also in the inability of the Puritan mind to deal with matriarchy.  That denial is now being put to the ultimate test.  My bet is on the women (but then again, I have five daughters).

See also:  League of the Ho-De-No-Sau-Nee, by Lewis Henry Morgan; Forgotten Founders: How the American Indian Helped Shape Democracy, by Bruce Johansen; The Great Law and the Longhouse:  A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy, by William N. Fenton. 

See also:  The Founding Sachems by Charles C. Mann, an NYTimes op ed dated July 4, 2005.  https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/04/opinion/the-founding-sachems.html.  Mann’s superbly written 1491 and 1493 are amazing excursions into the not-yet-lost Indigenous societies that still help shape us all. 

The five nations … council: Hall

http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Iroquois-Confederacy.html

The confederation’s power … Rights: Livingston Manor

http://livingstonmanor.net/coldenweb/History%20of%20the%20Five%20Nations%20122909.pdf

In all of … 20,000: Jarus

https://www.livescience.com/22737-cahokia.html

Man is born … chains: Rousseau

https://www.ucc.ie/archive/hdsp/Rousseau_contrat-social.pdf

The French fascination with the Indigenous is hard to overstate.  They could of course be as venal as any of the other Europeans.  But the freedom of the frontier societies—political, spiritual, sexual, cultural (I can’t really speak to the cuisine)—shook the salons of Paris with a great romantic passion.  The line from North America to the French Revolution ran straight from the Longhouse.

Our Puritan DNA

In 1630, some … Boston: NEHS

http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-great-migration-of-picky-puritans-1620-40/

was once emptying … Dogs: Mather

http://matherproject.org/sites/default/files/Diary_of_Cotton_Mather.pdf

Soon after their … how: CHF

https://christianheritagefellowship.com/the-christian-founding-of-harvard/

Dancing was for … Devil: AAS

http://www.americanantiquarian.org/Exhibitions/Dance/opposition.htm

Forget about leaving … it: Tsakiridis

http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/george-washington-and-religion/

He that is … it: Ward

http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/55-war.html

The Glorious Revolution

In 1619, around … Virginia: Knepler

https://zinnedproject.org/2016/08/first-africans-virginia/

A thousand multiracial … it: PBS

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p274.html

A year after … whites: Deetz

http://www.histarch.illinois.edu/plymouth/Maysource.html

Anchored offshore, 41 … overlords: Yale Law

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mayflower.asp

On the beach … before: Metaxas

https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-miracle-of-squantos-path-to-plymouth-1448406073

In 1621, came … Lincoln: UCSB

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=69998

In 1636, his … woods: Barry

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/god-government-and-roger-williams-big-idea-6291280/

But the Narragansetts … women: Garrity

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/john-m-barry-on-roger-williams-and-the-indians-9322792/

They threw her … they: Mass Moments

https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/anne-hutchinson-banished.html

In 1664, the … shot: GLIAH

https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/surrender-new-netherland-1664

Neighboring Quaker New … vote: Blythe

https://www.nps.gov/revwar/about_the_revolution/voting_rights.html

But Andros escaped … Giuliani: U Penn

http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/marshall/country/country-III-33.html

The First Great Awakening

It might have … ergot: U. of Chicago

http://people.ucls.uchicago.edu/~snekros/Salem%20Journal/Aftermath/AnnaK.html

In the grips … women: Crimaldi

https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/01/12/researchers-confirm-site-salem-hangings/ReOusTREuXUo8RdxARGLNI/story.html

They crushed to … weight: Brown

http://salem.lib.virginia.edu/people?group.num=&mbio.num=mb6

Every last wretch … God: Edwards

http://edwards.yale.edu/archive?path=aHR0cDovL2Vkd2FyZHMueWFsZS5lZHUvY2dpLWJpbi9uZXdwaGlsby9nZXRvYmplY3QucGw/Yy4yMTo0Ny53amVv

They once were … found: Edwards

http://edwards.yale.edu/archive?path=aHR0cDovL2Vkd2FyZHMueWFsZS5lZHUvY2dpLWJpbi9uZXdwaGlsby9nZXRvYmplY3QucGw/Yy4yMTo0Ny53amVv

Born to a … rapture: Edwards

http://www.bartleby.com/library/prose/1825.html

As the Great … pamphlets: NY Courts

http://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-01/history-new-york-legal-eras-crown-zenger.html

The original “Philadelphia … free: NY Courts

http://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-01/history-new-york-legal-eras-crown-zenger.html

The Revolution

Ben was born … 1706: U Penn

http://www.archives.upenn.edu/people/1700s/franklin_ben.html

Ben was the … children: PBS

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography-benjamin-franklin/

Ben invented bifocals … odometer: Franklin Institute

https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin/inventions

He also created … music: Benke

http://articles.latimes.com/2001/feb/25/news/mn-30005

On a voyage … Stream: Lacouture

https://www.nha.org/library/hn/HN-v44n2-gulfstream.htm

Rich at age … solvency: Rollert

https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/how-america-lost-track-of-benjamin-franklins-definition-of-success/400808/

They beat the … centuries: Michigan State

http://geo.msu.edu/extra/geogmich/frenchindian_war.html

Crispus Attucks, a … first: CA Museum

http://www.crispusattucksmuseum.org/crispus-attucks/

But in January … abuse: Library of Congress

https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/franklin/franklin-break.html

Some 250 Redcoats … guerrillas: Glass

https://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/redcoats-and-minutemen-exchange-fire-in-lexington-and-concord-april-19-1775-237270

They almost killed … War: Drexel

http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cjd327/indian.html

The Father of … tuberculosis: U. of Washington

http://depts.washington.edu/mednews/vol8/no10/washington.html

He had ivory … wig: Etter

http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/false-teeth/

On Christmas Eve … Revolution: Smith, Jr

https://www.ff.org/george-washingtons-great-1776-christmas-night-raid/

Some 9,000 served … Island: NEHS

http://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/tobias-gilmore-african-american-soldier-american-revolution/

Paine’s American Crisis … souls: Paine

https://thefederalistpapers.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/The-American-Crisis-by-Thomas-Paine-.pdf

Afflicted with a … death: Twiss Houting

https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/did-george-washingtons-doctors-hasten-his-death-2

In 1781, the … Yorktown: National Park Service

https://www.nps.gov/york/learn/historyculture/lafayette-and-the-virginia-campaign-1781.htm

Instead, he shunned … home: Abbot

http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/history/articles/george-washington-in-retirement/

We were, said … it: Beeman

https://constitutioncenter.org/learn/educational-resources/historical-documents/perspectives-on-the-constitution-a-republic-if-you-can-keep-it

The Constitution/Federalism

Many were never … service: Mead

https://www.nps.gov/revwar/unfinished_revolution/veteran_entitlements.htm

In August 1786 … foreclosures: Constitution Center

https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-shays-rebellion-starts-in-massachusetts

On a freezing … guns: GLIAH

https://www.gilderlehrman.org/content/george-washington-discusses-shays%E2%80%99-rebellion-and-upcoming-constitutional-convention-1787

From May 25 … Philadelphia: U. of Missouri-Kansas City

http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/convention1787.html

Free blacks could … states: Gosse

https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2015/03/12/fight-for-black-voting-rights-precedes-constitution/VM0V8vsrIFHXxPb1Qv9kAJ/story.html

Women could vote … rescinded: Lewis

http://www.rutgerslawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/archive/vol63/Issue3/Lewis.pdf

In 1791, Washington … tax: House of Representatives

http://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/35785

But Tom had … president: U. of Houston

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=2968

For daring to … grandson: Bomboy

https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/can-the-media-be-jailed-for-criticizing-a-president

In 1790, he … mutual: National Archives

https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2015/05/31/the-compromise-of-1790/

He knew Jefferson … cousin: Newmyer

https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2013/mayjune/feature/burr-versus-jefferson-versus-marshall

But Toussaint shredded … armies: U. of North Carolina

http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/beardj/summary.html

We failed to … anthem: Muskal

http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-star-spangled-banner-200-anniversary-20140912-story.html

But the great … found: New York Times

http://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/19/books/chief-of-a-vanishing-empire.html

Andrew Jackson

He trounced John … 100,000: Library of Congress

https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/elections/election1824.html

He sought labor’s … Canal: Zinn Education Project

https://zinnedproject.org/2014/01/this-day-in-history-in-1834-federal-troops-suppress-labor-protest/

But Marshall did … unconstitutional: Cornell

https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/30/1

So he proclaimed … war: Department of State

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/texas-annexation

The Transcendentalists

In the Civil … freedom: National Archives

https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war

Much of Latin … 1833: Saylor

https://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Slavery-Abolition-Act-1833.pdf

During the Revolution … rights: Adams

https://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/165adams-rtl.html

In 1840, Elizabeth … gathering: Virginia Tech

http://www.dhr.history.vt.edu/modules/us/mod04_women/evidence_detail_14.html

Civil War

After a murderous … uprising: Bordewich

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/john-browns-day-of-reckoning-139165084/

Raised in nature … preserve: Sierra Club

http://vault.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/writings/the_yosemite/appendix_a.aspx

The slaughter of … sword: Yale

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lincoln2.asp

Lincoln was our … device: Edwards

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/abraham-lincoln-only-president-have-patent-131184751/

In March 1861 … serfs: Farris

http://news.lib.uchicago.edu/blog/2013/09/20/serf-and-slave-liberation-and-emancipation-russia-1861-united-states-1863/

But in 1863 … Manhattan: Luders-Manuel

https://daily.jstor.org/race-and-labor-in-the-1863-new-york-city-draft-riots/

On December 26 … execution: Welter

http://www.startribune.com/dec-26-1862-38-dakota-men-executed-in-mankato/138273909/

Sherman promised them … mule: McCammon

https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/01/12/376781165/the-story-behind-40-acres-and-a-mule

In any event … mess: Wills

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/09/lincolns-greatest-speech/306551/

The Jim Crow Democrats and Their KKK Terror

For a surreal … met: National Park Service

https://www.nps.gov/apco/the-meeting.htm

More than 620,000 … died: Ohio State University

https://ehistory.osu.edu/exhibitions/cwsurgeon/cwsurgeon/statistics

Within months of … Lee: Washington and Lee

https://www.wlu.edu/presidents-office/about-the-presidents-office/history-and-governance/past-presidents/robert-e-lee

But the Senate … him: United States Senate

https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Senate_Votes_on_a_Presidential_Impeachment.htm

But the Republicans … tie: Gardner

https://blogs.dickinson.edu/hist-211pinsker/2016/11/06/1530/

The much-loved Ohioan … Latin: Munson

https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/americas-presidents-got-talent

Alexander Graham Bell … bullet: Brown

http://telecom.csail.mit.edu/archives/history/bell-garfield-assasin.html

In 1898, a … government: University of North Carolina

http://docsouth.unc.edu/highlights/riots_1898.html

The Gilded Age

They paid $300 … draft: Meier

https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html

In Utah, 1869 … oceans: Conley

http://historytogo.utah.gov/people/ethnic_cultures/the_peoples_of_utah/thepioneerchineseofutah.html

In 1869, Jay … gold: Morgan

http://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2016/01/crisis-chronicles-the-gold-panic-of-1869-americas-first-black-friday.html

Corporate Personhood

Unbeknownst to the … persons: Torres-Spelliscy

https://www.brennancenter.org/blog/hobby-lobby-argument

Bryan, Debs, Teddy, Wilson

The “American Century” … prior: Census Bureau

https://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/urpop0090.txt

In 1867, the … aid: University of Texas at Austin

https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/01820/cah-01820.html

Their 1892 People’s … more: George Mason

http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5361/

But Populist candidates … 1892: Conn

https://origins.osu.edu/history-news/party-it-s-1892

The GOP was … Lincoln: GOP

https://gop.com/history/

At their 1896 … Depression: Vassar

http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/democrats.html

His one hard … silver: Library of Congress

http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/bryan/aa_bryan_silver_2.html

His one hard … silver: Smithsonian

http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/silver-vs-gold-william-steinways-wedge-issue-1896-election

His Democrat running … banker: Library of Congress

https://www.loc.gov/resource/cph.3f06263/

Debs became a … strike: Kreitner

https://www.thenation.com/article/april-13-1919-eugene-v-debs-sent-prison/

Debs became a … strike: Trickey

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/fiery-socialist-challenged-nations-role-wwi-180969386/

Tom Scott of … fuse: University of Nebraska-Lincoln

http://railroads.unl.edu/documents/view_document.php?topics%5B0%5D=Law&id=rail.str.0298

The strike lasted … states: University of Houston

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3189

But at that … system: Kite

https://debsfoundation.org/index.php/2017/11/24/1032/

He trekked thousands … messiah: Jerry

http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/cowardly-lion-campaign-speech

A set of … Bryan: Smithsonian

https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85058396/1914-03-14/ed-1/seq-10.pdf

His campaign manager … win: United States Senate

https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Hanna_1896Election.htm

The Knights of … strike: Barga

https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/labor/knights-of-labor-2/

But step by … strong: Chaplin

https://www.iww.org/history/icons/solidarity_forever

Born in Terre … days: Debs Foundation

https://debsfoundation.org/index.php/landing/debs-biography/

Born in Terre … days: Public Broadcasting Service

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/wilson-eugene-debs/

In 1894, in … system: Library of Congress

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/strike.html

In response, Grover … strikers: Zinn

https://libcom.org/history/1894-the-pullman-railway-strike

With time to … civilization: Debs

https://www.iww.org/history/library/Debs

At last they … both: Debs

https://www.marxists.org/archive/debs/works/1918/canton.htm

Debs rejected Marx’s … proletariat: Marx

https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Class_Struggles_in_France.pdf

Asthmatic as a … fanatic: National Park Service

https://www.nps.gov/thri/theodorerooseveltbio.htm

Asthmatic as a … fanatic: National Library of Medicine

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26271837

He read as … tenth: Landry

https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/archive/theodore-roosevelt-the-only-good-indians-are-the-dead-indians-oN1cdfuEW02KzOVVyrp7ig/

He met with … inferior: National Public Radio

https://www.npr.org/2012/05/14/152684575/teddy-roosevelts-shocking-dinner-with-washington

So was his … war: Lewis

https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2005/05/how-theodore-roosevelt-failed.html

The Clintons, 1993-2001

In 1979, a … history: White House

https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/william-j-clinton/

Born into poverty … degree: BSG

https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/people/william-jefferson-clinton

He married the … college: Wellesley

http://www.wellesley.edu/news/journalists/hillary-rodham-clinton

Hillary grew up … family: NPR

https://www.npr.org/2016/03/26/471958017/-goldwater-girl-putting-context-to-a-resurfaced-hillary-clinton-interview

But they certainly … finance-friendly: Council on Foreign Relations

https://www.cfr.org/experts/robert-e-rubin

Then Poppy crushed … rating: UCSB

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/data/popularity.php?pres=41

He grouched that … heartland: New York Times

https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/16/us/the-1992-campaign-transcript-of-2d-tv-debate-between-bush-clinton-and-perot.html

And he got … Clintons: National Archives

https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html

During a televised … be: Time

http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1844704_1844706_1844771,00.html

In contrast, Bill … show: Zurawik

http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-12-27/features/1992362178_1_clinton-arsenio-hall-hall-show

The hipster image … rape: Relman

http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-12-27/features/1992362178_1_clinton-arsenio-hall-hall-show

But our weapons … uranium: NATO

https://www.nato.int/du/docu/d010123a.htm

By 1998 they … Vietnam: O’Neill

https://www.hoover.org/research/story-surplus

By 1998 they … Vietnam: Reischauer

https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-presidents-framework-for-the-budget-surplus-what-is-it-and-how-should-it-be-evaluated/

In 1989, a … emissions: UNEP

http://ozone.unep.org/en/handbook-montreal-protocol-substances-deplete-ozone-layer/5

Bill became our … president: Morrison

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1998/10/05/comment-6543

The administration also … 2007-8: GovTrack

https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/106/s900

In 1996, the … discourse: FCC

https://www.fcc.gov/general/telecommunications-act-1996

Clinton indulged in … Souljah: Hensch

http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/260009-sister-souljah-hillary-reminds-me-of-the-slave-plantation

His three strikes … lives: Frank

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/15/bill-clinton-crime-bill-hillary-black-lives-thomas-frank

He barred one-time … housing: Human Rights Watch

https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/usa1104/5.htm

He added 673,000 … increase: CJCJ

http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/too_little.pdf

I did not … woman: Government Publishing Office

https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-1998-02-02/html/WCPD-1998-02-02-Pg128.htm

The Stolen Election of 2000

The GOP nominated … Ivins: Publishers Weekly

https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-375-50399-3

While governor he … mercy: Randall

https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2000/12/exec-d09.html

His running mate … president: National Women’s Hall of Fame

https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/winona-laduke/

While Gore lost … alone: Federal Election Commission

https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/2000presgeresults.htm

Aided by solid … votes: National Archives

https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores2.html

Amidst the chaos … 5-4: Oyez

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2000/00-949

In January, the … delegation: Zuckman

http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-01-07/news/0101070449_1_electoral-college-votes-and-gore-objection

Bush 2, 2001-2009

Having campaigned for … people: National Archives

https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/04/20020430.html

In response he … regime: Loveless

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/08k12education_loveless.pdf

Late in Bush’s … Africa: President’s Malaria Initiative

https://www.pmi.gov/about

He took off … presidency: VandeHei, Baker

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/02/AR2005080201703.html

Without real explanation … high-handedness: Department of Justice

https://oig.justice.gov/special/s0809a/final.pdf

Bush (like Trump … chaos: Borger

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2001/mar/29/globalwarming.usnews

His approval ratings … lows: Gallup

https://news.gallup.com/poll/116500/presidential-approval-ratings-george-bush.aspx

The psychosis was … CIA: Moran

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3340101/t/bin-laden-comes-home-roost/#.W0PwLoWcHIU

Then-EPA chief … caused: Otis, Slattery

http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ex-epa-boss-whitman-apologizes-bad-info-9-11-air-quality-article-1.2786706

He’d proclaimed himself … divider: CNN

http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0002/29/se.01.html

But soon he … Act: ACLU

https://www.aclu.org/issues/national-security/privacy-and-surveillance/surveillance-under-patriot-act

In the Senate … no: GovTrack

https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/107-2001/s313

Saddam hated Islamic … fundamentalists: Benjamin

https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/30/opinion/saddam-hussein-and-al-qaeda-are-not-allies.html

So the administration … exist: United Nations

https://www.un.org/press/en/2003/sc7682.doc.htm

So the administration … exist: United Nations

https://www.un.org/press/en/2003/sc7777.doc.htm

Like that Iron … peace: Churchill

https://www.nato.int/docu/speech/1946/s460305a_e.htm

This particular imperial … Baghdad: National Archives

https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030319-17.html

The trillions the … deficit: Congressional Budget Office

https://www.cbo.gov/publication/24762

The trillions the … deficit: Crawford

http://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2017/Costs%20of%20U.S.%20Post-9_11%20NC%20Crawford%20FINAL%20.pdf

The Stolen Election of 2004

In 2003, US … Hussein: Seiken

https://history.army.mil/news/2015/150800a_redDawn.html

So to make … machines: Brennan Center

https://www.brennancenter.org/press-release/new-study-voting-machines-risk-ahead-2016-election

Passionately promoted by … cancer: Schmidt, Grimaldi

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/19/AR2007011900162.html

Passionately promoted by … cancer: Hartmann

https://www.thomhartmann.com/blog/2008/08/transcript-former-republican-congressman-bob-ney-hava-iran-prosecution-20-august-2008

Bush won the … ballots: Federal Election Commission

https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2004/federalelections2004.pdf

Walden O’Dell, a … Bush: La Monica

https://money.cnn.com/2004/08/30/technology/election_diebold/

Chief elections officer … Bush-Cheney: Berman

https://www.thenation.com/article/ohios-secretary-state-subverts-voting-rights/

Blackwell stripped more … roles: National Election Defense Coalition

https://www.electiondefense.org/ohio-2004-voter-suppression/

At 12:20 election … votes: Menand

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/12/06/permanent-fatal-errors

In January, Cleveland … delegation: Case Western

https://case.edu/ech/articles/t/tubbs-jones-stephanie

In January, Cleveland … delegation: Congressional Record

https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-2005-01-06/pdf/CREC-2005-01-06-pt1-PgH84-6.pdf

Soon thereafter, Federal … Columbus: Marbley

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/ohio/ohsdce/2:2006cv00745/110360/7/

In 2008, Michael … crash: Heckel

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/republican-it-guru-dies-in-plane-crash/

An expert pilot … happened: Abraham, Trexler

https://www.ohio.com/akron/news/pilot-who-died-in-crash-touched-lives-of-many

An expert pilot … happened: Ohio State University

http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/electionlaw/litigation/documents/Lincoln-Motion-9-25-08.pdf

The Katrina Outrage

In August, 2005 … Orleans: National Weather Service

https://www.weather.gov/mob/katrina

More than 1800 … damage: Tarrant

https://www.dallasnews.com/news/harvey/2017/08/31/hurricane-harvey-drastically-lower-death-toll-katrina

He did look … flyover: O’Brien

http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/127865-bush-katrina-flyover-photo-a-huge-mistake

He did look … flyover: Morris

https://www.nola.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/president_bush_defends_governm.html

Then he praised … job: Chuck

https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/hurricane-katrina-anniversary/heck-job-brownie-where-disgraced-fema-head-now-n400436

Team Bush pitched … fail: Congress

https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/1836

Team Bush pitched … fail: Gale, Potter

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/200203.pdf

Team Bush pitched … fail: Horton

https://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-tax/the-legacy-of-the-2001-and-2003-bush-tax-cuts

Bush staggered out … history: Gallup

https://news.gallup.com/poll/116500/presidential-approval-ratings-george-bush.aspx

The “Too Big to Fail” Collapse of 2007-9

Executive salaries soared … wage: Donnelly

http://fortune.com/2017/07/20/ceo-pay-ratio-2016/

Executive salaries soared … wage: Mishel, Schieder

https://www.epi.org/files/pdf/130354.pdf

Executive salaries soared … wage: Edmans

https://hbr.org/2017/02/why-we-need-to-stop-obsessing-over-ceo-pay-ratios

At the Fed … credo: Atlas Society

https://atlassociety.org/commentary/commentary-blog/4926-the-alan-greenspan-confession-

At the Fed … credo: Mallaby

https://www.cfr.org/book/man-who-knew

At the Fed … credo: Greenspan

https://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/1996/19961205.htm

Greed is good … mantra: UCSC

http://nldslab.soe.ucsc.edu/charactercreator/film_corpus/film_2012xxxx/imsdb.com/Wall-Street.html

In the Reagan … excess: Cohan

http://www.businessinsider.com/michael-milken-life-story-2017-5

In the Reagan … excess: Meserve

http://www.businessinsider.com/meet-ivan-boesky-the-infamous-wall-streeter-who-inspired-gordon-gecko-2012-7

In the Reagan … excess: Sterngold

https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/business/boesky-sentenced-to-3-years-in-jail-in-insider-scandal.html

In the Clinton … roost: Hamilton Project

http://www.hamiltonproject.org/people/robert_e._rubin

In the Clinton … roost: Herbst-Bayliss, Delevingne

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hedgefunds-goldman-sachs-idUSKBN16Y0DX

Deregulation let shell … elsewhere: Time

http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1903155_1903156_1903186,00.html

Deregulation let shell … elsewhere: NPR

https://www.npr.org/2006/07/05/5535821/timeline-ken-lay-and-the-arc-of-enron

Barack Obama, 2009-2017

But Hillary Clinton … Iraq: Congress

https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ243/PLAW-107publ243.pdf

But Hillary Clinton … Iraq: GovTrack

https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/107-2002/s237

And he made … mate: Nasaw

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/29/uselections2008.johnmccain1

Spewing absurdities, she … McCain: Palin

https://www.nytimes.com/elections/2008/president/conventions/videos/transcripts/20080903_PALIN_SPEECH.html

Spewing absurdities, she … McCain: CBS

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/exclusive-palin-on-foreign-policy/

Spewing absurdities, she … McCain: Kudlow

https://www.cnbc.com/id/25970197

Spewing absurdities, she … McCain: ABC

https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Vote2008/full-transcript-gibson-interviews-sarah-palin/story?id=9159105

When Obama proclaimed … rain: CNN

http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/obama.transcript/

But Michelle made … slaves: National First Ladies’ Library

http://www.firstladies.org/ancestral-obama.aspx

The resulting Obamacare … us: Department of Health and Human Services

https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ppacacon.pdf

The arrests continued … outright: Federal Bureau of Investigation

https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2016/crime-in-the-u.s.-2016/topic-pages/persons-arrested

The arrests continued … outright: National Conference of State Legislatures

http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx

The arrests continued … outright: Bureau of Justice Statistics

https://www.bjs.gov/content/dcf/enforce.cfm#arrests

A constitutional lawyer … Bush: PoKempner

https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/01/19/chelsea-manning-commutation-doesnt-erase-obamas-awful-whistleblower-legacy

A constitutional lawyer … Bush: Human Rights Watch

https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/07/28/liberty-monitor-all/how-large-scale-us-surveillance-harming-journalism-law-and

A constitutional lawyer … Bush: Rottman

https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-speech/leak-prosecutions-obama-takes-it-11-or-should-we-say-526

A constitutional lawyer … Bush: Kirchner

https://archives.cjr.org/behind_the_news/us_drops_in_global_press_freed.php

But he deported … others: Ebadolahi

https://www.aclu.org/blog/immigrants-rights/ice-and-border-patrol-abuses/border-patrol-was-monstrous-under-obama-imagine

But he deported … others: Immigration and Customs Enforcement

https://www.ice.gov/removal-statistics/2016

But he deported … others: Department of Homeland Security

https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/enforcement-actions

It included an … Georgia: Department of Energy

https://www.energy.gov/lpo/vogtle

Barack did manage … women: Government Publishing Office

https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s181enr/pdf/BILLS-111s181enr.pdf

He screamed on … handle: Cox

https://www.cnbc.com/2014/02/24/5-years-later-rick-santelli-tea-party-rant-revisited.html

But he unconscionably … landmines: Nobel Prize Committee

https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/press.html

But he unconscionably … landmines: Keating

https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/11/25/no-change-on-landmines-from-obama/

In an astonishing … necessary: Obama

https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/obama-lecture_en.html

In the end … reason: Council on Foreign Relations

https://www.cfr.org/expert-roundup/assessing-afghan-surge

In the end … reason: Department of Defense

http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=56976

When he tracked … Pakistan: National Archives

https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/02/press-briefing-senior-administration-officials-killing-osama-bin-laden

At least one … child: Ingram, Whiteside

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/02/yemen-raid-trump-awlaki-al-qaeda-isis/516180/

Like Saddam, Gaddafi … currency: Hoff

https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2016/01/06/new-hillary-emails-reveal-true-motive-for-libya-intervention/

Like Saddam, Gaddafi … currency: Wikileaks

https://wikileaks.org/clinton-emails/?q=gaddafi&mfrom=&mto=&title=&notitle=&date_from=&date_to=&nofrom=&noto=&count=50&sort=0

Some 40,000 people … fled: Davies

https://consortiumnews.com/2018/04/25/how-many-millions-have-been-killed-in-americas-post-9-11-wars-part-3-libya-syria-somalia-and-yemen/

Some 40,000 people … fled: UNSMIL

https://unsmil.unmissions.org/human-rights-report-civilian-casualties-0

A June 28 … assistance: Malkin

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/29/world/americas/29honduras.html

Death of the Corporate Democrats

In 2012, for … Columbus: Ohio Secretary of State

https://www.sos.state.oh.us/elections/election-results-and-data/2012-elections-results/

Obama left the … debt: Brazile

https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/11/02/clinton-brazile-hacks-2016-215774

Millions poured in … $27: Sanders

https://berniesanders.com/press-release/sanders-smashes-record-donations/

Millions poured in … $27: Sanders

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/26/transcript-bernie-sanderss-full-speech-at-the-2016-dnc/?utm_term=.fbf9a765640e

Sanders ranted at … more: Sanders

https://berniesanders.com/issues/

At the dawn … resign: Wasserman Schultz

http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/sfl-full-text-of-wasserman-schultz-s-resignation-announcement-20160724-story.html

At the dawn … resign: Meckler

https://www.wsj.com/articles/under-pressure-dncs-debbie-wasserman-schultz-limits-convention-role-1469376914

Instead, Clinton took … was: Los Angeles Time Staff

http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-tim-kaine-convention-speech-transcript-20160727-snap-story.html

Trump Rips Hillary

And yet when … repeat: Roper Center

https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/polls/us-elections/popular-vote/

That task fell … empire: Green Party of the United States

http://www.gp.org/platform

Along with libertarian … contempt: Libertarian Party

https://www.lp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Libertarian-Party-Platform-2016.pdf

Along with libertarian … contempt: Easley

http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/282415-libertarian-johnson-would-not-use-marijuana-as-president

Jill and Gary … debates: Commission on Presidential Debates

http://www.debates.org/index.php?page=overview

Demanding recounts in … donations: Bauer

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/leftover-funds-election-recount-efforts-donated-says-jill-stein

Demanding recounts in … donations: Altman

http://time.com/4592583/jill-stein-recount-democrats-liberals/

In Michigan, which … president: Michigan Secretary of State

https://www.michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-1633_8722—,00.html

The moment of … recount: Goldsmith

https://www.mied.uscourts.gov/PDFFIles/16-14233SteinGrantTRO.pdf

But because Stein … Clinton: Snell, Livengood

https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2016/12/07/judge-michigan-recount/95081650/

3^rd Parties Have Been No Party

Progressive Bob LaFollette … 1924: UCSB

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1924

Strom Thurmond’s racist … states: UCSB

http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1948

Two duly elected … WWI: University of California, Riverside

https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=RBDN19191205.2.23

As money has … 1992: Scotus Blog

http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/citizens-united-v-federal-election-commission/

As money has … 1992: Oyez

https://www.oyez.org/cases/2008/08-205

Incumbent Jimmy Carter … 1980: Walsh

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/05/28/carter-bars-debate-with-anderson/c5b49650-d3dc-43e8-b646-60c421bbd8de/

Anderson was barred … debate: Roll Call Staff

https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/anderson-dead

Our Imperial Vultures Come Home To Roost

He was “honored” … project: Guthrie

http://woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/Old_Man_Trump.htm

As urban developers … McCarthy: Brenner

https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship

As urban developers … McCarthy: United States Senate

https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/McCarthy_Transcripts.htm

Cohn was eventually … crimes: Leagle

https://www.leagle.com/decision/1986133118ad2d151131

Cohn was eventually … crimes: Maull

https://apnews.com/216d92893213aacf9bbe527a260c587f

Through Cohn and … crime: Johnston

https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/05/donald-trump-2016-mob-organized-crime-213910

His Apprentice TV …aplomb: IMDb

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0364782/?ref_=nv_sr_2

He learned he … anything: The Guardian

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/07/donald-trump-leaked-recording-women

His mighty fortress … Act: Federal Register

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2011/09/09/2011-23010/broadcast-applications-and-proceedings-fairness-doctrine-and-digital-broadcast-television

Trumping Democracy

His mighty fortress … Act: Federal Communications Commission

https://www.fcc.gov/general/telecommunications-act-1996

As Trump told … you: Mangan

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/22/trump-told-lesley-stahl-he-bashes-press-to-discredit-negative-stories.html

Trump attacked with … people: White House

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trumps-travel-restrictions-defend-country/

Trump attacked with … people: White House

https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entry-united-states-2/

Trump attacked with … people: Supreme Court of the United States

https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/17-965_h315.pdf

His own wife … grandparents: White House

https://www.whitehouse.gov/people/melania-trump/

He promised to … border: Thomsen

http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/389814-trump-mexico-will-pay-for-the-wall-in-the-end

His following was … confrontation: BBC

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40912509

His following was … confrontation: Beigie

https://www.dailyprogress.com/greenenews/news/heather-heyer-wmhs-grad-killed-in-attack-after-standing-against/article_d862b872-82a6-11e7-97d6-772c64bc05b2.html

But many who … general: Kurtzleben

https://www.npr.org/2017/08/24/545812242/1-in-10-sanders-primary-voters-ended-up-supporting-trump-survey-finds

In California and … minority: Lopez

http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/01/24/in-2014-latinos-will-surpass-whites-as-largest-racialethnic-group-in-california/

In California and … minority: Census Bureau

https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ca/PST045217

He called US … slur: Fox News

http://insider.foxnews.com/2018/07/05/donald-trump-rips-pocahontas-elizabeth-warren-2020-opponent-montana-rally

He was a … more: NBC News

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/tillerson-s-fury-trump-required-intervention-pence-n806451

Unlike his predecessors … returns: Washington Post

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-breaks-his-tax-returns-promise–for-the-third-year-in-a-row/2018/04/16/581552a8-3f3c-11e8-a7d1-e4efec6389f0_story.html

Richard Nixon, whose … benefit: Hughes

https://millercenter.org/president/nixon/life-after-the-presidency

That tax bill … sanctuaries: Congress

https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1

Alone in all … cronies: White House

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord/

Trump openly embraced … use: United States Senate

https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?vote=00101&session=2&congress=115

Trump’s failure to … depended: Partnership for Public Service

https://ourpublicservice.org/issues/presidential-transition/political-appointee-tracker.php

Trump’s failure to … depended: General Services Administration

https://www.gsa.gov/governmentwide-initiatives/presidential-transition/legislative-overview/the-federal-vacancies-reform-act-of-1998

On the other … sheet: Senate Committee on the Judiciary

https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/nominations/judicial

That included Neil … votes: United States Senate

https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=115&session=1&vote=00111

That included Neil … votes: Mayhew

https://isps.yale.edu/news/blog/2013/11/the-senate-and-the-nuclear-option

That included Neil … votes: Congressional Record

https://www.congress.gov/crec/2013/11/21/CREC-2013-11-21.pdf

Trump firmed his … candidates: Pulliam Bailey

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/06/30/trump-promised-to-destroy-the-johnson-amendment-congress-is-targeting-it-now/?utm_term=.7f2cfda5e3f4

Trump firmed his … candidates: White House

https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-executive-order-promoting-free-speech-religious-liberty/

Trump firmed his … candidates: Internal Revenue Service

https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/charities-churches-and-politics

Attorney General Jeff … use: Lynch

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-justice-marijuana/trump-administration-drops-obama-era-easing-of-marijuana-prosecutions-idUSKBN1ET1MU

Attorney General Jeff … use: Department of Justice

https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1022196/download

Though he may … not: Planned Parenthood

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/trump-administration-takes-direct-aim-at-birth-control-coverage-for-62-million-women-2

Though he may … not: Kertscher

https://www.politifact.com/wisconsin/article/2016/mar/30/context-transcript-donald-trump-punishing-women-ab/

On June 4 … law: Savage

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/04/us/politics/trump-executive-power-russia-investigation.html